Life History as a method os Social Research Essay

Life History as a strategy os Social Research - Essay Example Picking a contender for my life history meet was probably the hardest choice. As I sat on my investigation work area pondering who could give me an important understanding on a general public that existed the greater part a century back, I was frightened by the harsh ring of the telephone. It was my beloved companion who was of Indian inception .he had brought to welcome me over to his home as it happened to be an Indian celebration and his grandmother had doled out a horde of indulgences which he needed me to give it a shot. What's more, that was the second a splendid thought crossed my head. His grandmother! No one could be a superior subject for my meeting an alternate nation inside and out with a plenty of differed societies and every one of them as an unmistakable difference with our own! Before I realized I was at his doorstep with my fixed, Dictaphone and mounted guns of inquiries I had encircled on my way. To my mistake, the going was not bound to be smooth. My companion's gr andmother is a timid and held woman and she felt somewhat ungainly and awkward when I moved toward her with my solicitation. To begin with, she just couldn't grasp concerning why somebody would need to talk with her and accepted that she didn't have anything commendable enough to discuss. She additionally looked very threatened by my Dictaphone and expound fixed. Following an hour of influence, arguing and asking she agreed however just in the event that I vowed to shield her namelessness. Along these lines, hereon I am going to call her Gran. After a warm up meeting of well disposed babble; she progressively opened up and let me into her biography. Today, for me she was not a companion's grandma but rather a lady who spoke to her whole network and whose words and sentiments I was most likely going to sum up to an entire populace. I read very piece about the predicament of lady in India during yesteryears and the mistreatment the confronted, so I chose to test her on the issue. Gran turned 70 this mid year. She was destined to a normal marwadi Indian family in mid 1940's and raised among two more youthful siblings. Her youth saw the period when India and Pakistan were experiencing a segment. She schooled till about fifth grade and afterward had to drop out in light of the fact that her folks couldn't bear to send three youngsters to class and since they felt it was increasingly imperative to teach a male kid , she was the undeniable decision for penance. Young ladies were around then never truly thought to be a lasting individual from the family since they wedded and moved out to their spouses house, along these lines putting on them in any capacity appeared to look bad to guardians. She anyway is self-teaching herself out of her sibling's course readings at whatever point she could. I essentially cherished math's, I figure I would have made a decent educator! she says with a flash in her eyes. She was scarcely into her high school ( which was normal in 195 0's) the point at which she was hitched to a person she had never observed or known and inside a day her life took radical turn - a totally different family, a new city, a more peculiar she should call spouse and spend a mind-blowing remainder with! . It was not well before it unfolded upon her that her parents in law had requested a gigantic sum in real money and kind to acknowledge her as their little girl - in - law. These requests continued expanding in recurrence and unbelievability and her family had no real option except to oblige in light of the fact that a lady deserted by her significant other and her family ha

10 Ways to Use Smartphones to Teach English

10 Ways to Use Smartphones to Teach English Cell phones are digging in for the long haul. For English educators, that implies we have to either boycott iPhones, Androids, Blackberries, and whatever next flavor shows up, or we need to figure out how to join the utilization of cell phones into our daily practice. Understudies who sit in class and utilize their iPhone or Android are passing up a great opportunity; in any case, its additionally evident that understudies are going to utilize their cell phones on the off chance that they havent been removed. Here are ten hints on the best way to helpfully permit the utilization of cell phones in class. A portion of the activities are only minor departure from conventional study hall exercises. In any case, urging understudies to utilize cell phones to finish these exercises will assist them with figuring out how to utilize their gadgets to effectively improve their English aptitudes. At last, its critical to demand that cell phone or tablet use in the homeroom is affirmed uniquely as a device during a particular action. Along these lines, they may not be enticed to utilize their cell phones for different reasons during class.â Jargon Exercises Using Google Image Search Words usually can't do a picture justice. Have understudies utilize their cell phone to look into explicit things on Google pictures or another web index. Youve all perceived how a visual word reference can extraordinarily improve jargon maintenance. With cell phones, we have visual word references on steroids. Interpretation Activities Urge understudies to peruse utilizing three stages. Just permit cell phone use in the third stage. Understudies are satisfied in light of the fact that they can look into words. In any case, theyre growing great perusing abilities by not quickly deciphering each word they don't comprehend. Peruse for essence: no stopping!Read for setting: How can the words encompassing obscure words help with understanding?Read for exactness: investigate new jargon utilizing a cell phone or word reference. Use Apps for Communication Activities We as a whole speak with our cell phones in various manners relying upon various applications. As such, messaging with an informing application will undoubtedly be unique in relation to composing an email on your PC. Exploit this and advance exercises that are explicit to a given setting. One model may be to have understudies message each other to finish a given task.â Practice Pronunciation You can utilize cell phones to record sound as you model elocution for your understudies. For instance, assemble proposals, at that point request that understudies open a chronicle application. Peruse five distinct approaches to make a recommendation so anyone might hear. Interruption between every recommendation. Have understudies return home and work on mirroring your elocution in the delay between every recommendation. There are many, numerous minor departure from this theme.â Another incredible use for elocution is to have understudies change the language to English and attempt to direct an email. Theyll need to take a stab at word level articulation so as to get the ideal outcomes. Thesaurus Activities Have understudies search on the expression words like... what's more, a large group of online contributions will show up. Urge understudies to utilize their advanced mobile phones during composing class as such while concentrating on building up a more extensive scope of jargon. For instance, take a basic sentence, for example, The individuals talked about legislative issues. Request that understudies think of various forms utilizing their cell phones to discover substitutes for the action word express. Mess around This is something we regularly shouldnt energize in class; be that as it may, you may urge understudies to record phrases they experience while messing around to bring into class to examine in more detail. There are additionally various word games, for example, Scrabble or word search confuses that are really enlightening just as fun. You can prepare for this in your group as an award for finishing an assignment, simply make a point to attach it to a report back to the class. Track Vocabulary There are a wide assortment of MindMapping applications accessible, just as a bunch of blaze card applications. You can even make your own blaze cards and have understudies download your arrangement of cards to rehearse in class.â Work on Writing Have understudies compose messages to one another so as to finish a particular undertaking. Switch up the errands to rehearse various kinds of register. For instance, one understudy may compose an item request with another understudy answering to the request with a subsequent email. This is the same old thing. Be that as it may, simply utilizing their cell phones can help persuade the understudies to finish the errand. Make Narration This is a minor departure from composing messages. Have understudies pick photographs they have taken and compose a short story portraying the photographs they have picked. By making the movement individual as such, understudies connect all the more profoundly with the undertaking. Keep a Journal One all the more composing exercise for the cell phone. Have understudies keep a diary and offer it with the class. Understudies can take photographs, compose depictions in English, just as portray their day.

IAP is moving along

IAP is moving along Hi there, blog readers! Now that were a week into IAP, I have a chance to talk about some of the things Ive been up to. Mystery Hunt: I hunt with Project Electric Mayhem (can you figure out the pop culture references in the name?), a large conglomerate of students and alums of the East Campus hall 5th East (my home), the fraternity tEp, the independent living group (ILG) pika, and assorted other folks. We have strong support for remote hunters people participating from distant cities and such, so we get a lot of random alums in far-flung locales who want to play. These remote hunters arent always alumsone of our hunters this (and last) year was hallmate Greg 09s mom, who frequently comments on these blogs! Anyway, Hunt, which began early Friday afternoon, ended at about 2:30am this morning. Congratulations to Dr. Awkward, the winning team. 6.186 Mobile Autonomous Laboratory (Maslab) (as a TA): This is an advanced vision-based autonomous robotics class/competition that is in its seventh year and occurs every IAP. Last year I was a student on a team with hallmates Brian 08, Ilan 08, and Matt 08. This year, Im a TA. Im in the lab for three 4.5-hour shifts each week, and got to plan, prepare, and deliver the vision lecture. You can check out the progress of the different teams in their team journals on the wiki forums. American Jiu Jitsu/Self Defense: I get Self Defense PE credit, and I finally start with an activity that many friends already do and that Ive been interested in doing for a year but never started. Im going to the basic PE classes on Monday and Wednesday evenings, and also the Saturday ground fighting/grappling classes (I went to one yesterday, and it was fun!). MIT has many, many martial arts clubs (others popular among my friends include Isshinryu Karate and Tae Kwon Do), and many club sports in general (heres a list). American Jiu Jitsu stresseswell, Ill let the website do that, since it does a better job than I would. American Jiu-Jitsu Club has been at MIT since 1994. We learn and practice self-defense. Jiu-Jitsu, or the Gentle Art, consists of a wide variety of techniques: joint locks, submission holds, pressure-points, throws and strikes. Jiu-Jitsu does not rely on brute strength, but rather on flexible response and the use of an attackers own energy. Jiu-Jitsu prepares a person for any situation, including stand-up and ground fighting, knife attacks, and multiple attacks. Boot Camp PE: As you can probably tell, Im trying to finish up my PE requirement. Boot Camp combines intense cardio work with strength training circuits and quick bouts of rest time, leaving you with no other choice than to improve your level of health and fitness! I was very, very sore the day after the first class. Assassins Guild Ten-Day: Most years, the Guild has a ten-day game during IAP. It hasnt started yet; I just got the email telling me that I was being cast yesterday. This IAPs game is Alpha Centauri. The GMs (the people who write and run the game) for this game are Erik 09, Xiao 09, Dennis 08, Ash 08, Peter 01, and Charles. The description of the game on our website is After tens of thousands of years, the post-nova cloud over the mysterious planet Elrushyn has been blown away by solar winds. With great natural resources and a highly strategic location, many governments and corporations quickly colonized the planet and now fight for dominance under the rules of the Benjii-Savaar Treaty of Conduct. According to the treaty, Elrushyn only has amnesty for ten more days, and must quickly hash out a constitution and government to establish itself before the empires go to war to claim it. The once-bustling planet is now hushed in apprehension as the First Elrushyn Congress at Centauri begins. The idea is that you have a character, and information on your characters background, motivations, goals, believed allies and enemies, abilities, group membershipsin short, all the stuff that your character would know in real life. From there, you and the other characters play your roles. Theres no script, but most characters will have goals that theyre trying to accomplish during the game, and a well-written game will result in lots of action, intrigue, and drama. So thats my IAP thus far. We will see what else the month brings. Post Tagged #Mystery Hunt

What Is the International Coastal Cleanup

The International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) was started by the Ocean Conservancy in 1986 to engage volunteers in collecting marine debris from the worlds waterways. During the cleanup, volunteers act as citizen scientists, tallying the items they find on data cards. The information is used to identify the sources of marine debris, examine trends in debris items, and increase awareness about the threats of marine debris. Cleanups may be done along the shore, from watercraft, or underwater. Why Do Beach Cleanups? The ocean covers 71% of the Earth. The ocean helps produce the water we drink and the air we breathe. It absorbs carbon dioxide and lessens the effect of global warming. It also produces food and recreation opportunities for millions of people. Despite its importance, the ocean is still not fully explored or understood. Trash in the ocean is prevalent (have you heard of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?), and can harm the health of the ocean and its marine life. One major source of trash in the ocean is garbage that washes off the beach and into the ocean, where it can choke or entangle marine life. During the 2013 International Coastal Cleanup, 648,014 volunteers cleaned 12,914 miles of coastline, resulting in the removal of 12,329,332 pounds of litter. Removing marine debris from the beach will lessen the potential for debris to damage marine life and ecosystems. How Do I Get Involved? Cleanups occur in throughout the US and in more than 90 countries worldwide. If you live within driving distance of an ocean, lake, or river, chances are that theres a cleanup going on near you. Or, you can start your own. To search for and sign up for a cleanup, visit the International Coastal Cleanup web site.

Psychological Conditioning On Alcoholic s Anonymous

Psychological Conditioning in Alcoholic’s Anonymous James M. Vrionis College of the Desert Intro to Psychology 12/3/2013 Psychological Conditioning in Alcoholic’s Anonymous 1 Psychological Conditioning in Alcoholic’s Anonymous James M. Vrionis College of the Desert Addiction to drugs and alcohol has changed the lives of millions of Americans. According to Alcoholics Anonymous: Addiction will play tricks on the mind, forcing it to get stuck in an emotional and intellectual limbo. This limbo paralyzes rational associations by replacing a traditional outlook on life to one of an addict. The definition of insanity is to do the same thing over and over again, expecting different results. In order to grow emotionally its important to analyze our own actions and behaviors according to the Alcoholics Anonymous book. The Twelve Traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous; the stories of experience, strength and hope come together to form a compilation of success stories(Alcoholics Anonymous, 2001, p. 562-566). This books treatment for the disease of addiction is a series of reconditioning interpretations and a understanding of behaviors. The treatment for psychological issues that have been coped with by means of addiction is enough for a free life time membership to A.A. The A.A. way of life is relatively simple but many still relapse again and again. Those that work the program recondition their mind and eventually find serenity. Often, more times thanShow MoreRelated Alcohol and Drinking - Treatments for Alcoholism Essay examples1903 Words   |  8 PagesTreatments for Alcoholism      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Where can alcoholics receive help? â€Å"Hospitals, psychiatric agencies, public-welfare departments, and social agencies, among others are often reluctant to provide care and treatment for problem drinkers† (Plaut, 53). Although it is difficult to help these problems drinkers, many people will give all they can to help these problem drinkers. â€Å"The provision of treatment to problem drinkers is complicated because they differ from one to another in so many ways†Read MoreAlcoholism Analysis1434 Words   |  6 PagesBridget Kelly November 19, 2000 Research Paper Elizabeth Antalek One out of thirteen adults are considered to be an alcoholic or suffer from a drinking problem. 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Challenges of teaching and learning in inner city Free Essays

string(165) " on the importance of instructors geting cardinal qualities in order to help all kids, irrespective of their background, on both an educational and societal degree\." Every kid deserves the right to an instruction that will help them to accomplish accomplishments and makings used throughout their lives. For many old ages now, this has been a cardinal purpose across Englands Government system, foregrounding the demand for a alteration in the quality and handiness of services, back uping all kids in the procedure of get the better ofing possible obstructions, enabling them to carry through their possible. â€Å" All kids deserve this sort of good start in life, irrespective of where they live, where they go to school, or their household background. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges of teaching and learning in inner city or any similar topic only for you Order Now † ( DCSF 2009 p.2 ) For many kids, school provides an array of rich and rewarding experiences, leting them the chance to boom in their acquisition and win to their possible. This nevertheless does non happen for all kids, with old grounds foregrounding that pupils from poorer backgrounds achieve less than their equals. Nevertheless, turn toing this issue has become a cardinal mission among Government leaders, school senior direction and instructors, taking to interrupt the nexus between disadvantage and low educational accomplishment. To ease these ambitious purposes, the Government implemented through the Children ‘s Act ( 2004 ) , a legislative programme that would use a reform within the Education system. Every Child Matters: Change for kids ( 2004 ) outlined a national model that would set up programmes of alteration, edifice services around the demands of all kids and immature people, taking to maximize chance and minimise hazard. Through five cardinal results: being healthy, remaining safe, basking and accomplishing, doing a positive part and accomplishing economic well being, the aspiration for the national model was to contract the spread between kids ‘s attainment degrees and purpose to advance positive good being in childhood and subsequently life. The primary focal point was to sketch a national model for alteration, designed to better and incorporate services, working together more efficaciously to run into the demands of kids and immature people. The results for the bringing of concerted services were to guarantee that all kids and immature people be safeguarded from injury, have better chances to develop and make their possible and receive effectual support, where necessary, from targeted services. Furthermore, parents and carers would hold better entree to services they require, having advice and support where necessary. The Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) model set out a vision for a individualized and high quality, integrated service, available for all to entree. In order to interrupt the nexus between disadvantage and low accomplishment, and have every kid successfully attain the five specific results, those that work closely with kids and immature people need to understand the effects of deprived upbringings and what barriers they can show. The causes behind hapless upbringings are diverse and varied, but must be noted that money may non be the exclusive ground. Poor lodging and unequal diet are important factors ; nevertheless, cultural barriers to larning can besides hold a dramatic affect on kids, particularly for those that live in disadvantaged communities, preponderantly within the interior metropolis. Parental sentiments of the value of schooling act as a cardinal factor as low aspirations and agnosticism about instruction can act upon kids ‘s beliefs. The impact of this can go more evident when kids start go toing full clip schooling, as the scope of their educational experiences can change dramatically. Some kids, from more advantaged places, may hold had entree to a greater assortment of educational experiences such as books, visits to interesting topographic points like museums and theaters, every bit good as the wider universe, advancing acquisition at an early phase. Unfortunately, nevertheless, other parents may non hold the money, resources, accomplishments or assurance to supply their kids with such experiences, perchance impacting their acquisition development. The significance of this is huge, act uponing a kid ‘s future educational experiences unless tackled at an early age. In the study Interrupting the nexus between disadvantage and low attainment: Everyone ‘s concern ( 2009 ) , it is expressed that ; â€Å" When kids start school already behind their equals, this can set up a go oning rhythm of under – public presentation. They find it difficult to maintain up and so may larn more easy, hence falling even further buttocks. † ( DCSF 2009 p.18 ) Interrupting this rhythm of under accomplishment requires Government, schools and wellness attention bureaus to seek to advance ways to battle the effects of poorness as kids from disadvantaged backgrounds can be at increased hazard of being unable to entree the course of study, and lose assurance in their ability to win. Within the Enjoy and achieve result of Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) , it is outlined that kids should be ready for their school experience, and attend and bask their acquisition through active engagement. Children should play an active function in accomplishing national instruction criterions, fostering this with their personal and societal development. Previous research has shown that it is paramount that instructor ‘s identify those who are falling behind early on through appraisal, conveying about a individualized attack to learning and larning. Harmonizing to Gilbert ( 2006 ) , personalisation should be a cardinal characteristic of instruction, later raisi ng the outlooks for students, guaranting the intended results match their outlooks. As it is believed that students from disadvantaged groups within our society are least likely to accomplish good, the Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) docket emphasises the importance of every kid, irrespective of their societal background, holding an impregnable instruction: â€Å" Children and immature people learn and thrive when they are healthy, safeguarded from injury and engaged. The grounds shows clearly that educational accomplishment is the most effectual manner to better results for hapless kids and interrupt the rhythm of want. † ( DCSF 2004 p.8 ) This farther physiques upon Gilbert ‘s ( 2006 ) accent of individualized instruction and acquisition, as cut downing the persistent and unacceptable spreads in mean attainment, between different societal groups, requires focus upon what indispensable cognition and accomplishments kids require in order to boom in our changing universe. This lays farther accent on the importance of instructors geting cardinal qualities in order to help all kids, irrespective of their background, on both an educational and societal degree. You read "Challenges of teaching and learning in inner city" in category "Essay examples" Although an outstanding pedagogical attack to instruction is cardinal, instructors must chiefly understand why some kids fail to entree instruction and make their possible. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds, frequently populating within an interior metropolis environment, could see an array of barriers to their acquisition, encouraging schools and local governments to implement and follow schemes to turn to them. Within Interrupting the nexus between disadvantage and low attainment ( 2009 ) it was expressed that the effects of disadvantage can be cumulative and relentless, typically taking to hapless students doing slower advancement, frequently attributed to assorted factors. As antecedently outlined, spreads within kids ‘s cognitive ability, before the age of five, could put the foundations for low accomplishment, farther stressing the demand of multi bureau cooperation. The Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) , model emphasises the impression that supplying support for households is imperative, advancing the benefits of early acquisition experiences and the importance of the place acquisition environment. Lack of parental support could take down kids ‘s aspirations, act uponing their behavior and attending at school, therefore making personal barriers to get the better of. Reacting to this, harmonizing to Balls ( 2009 ) , requires school s and instructors to work closely with parents and households, using cardinal behavior and absence policies. With add-on to these societal barriers, kids from deprived upbringings are frequently more likely to be recognised as holding Particular Educational Needs ( SEN ) . Balls ( 2010 ) expressed that the designation of Particular Educational Needs ( SEN ) should non be confused with the belief of underperformance or non meeting possible. Through actively turn toing particular educational proviso, instructors should convey about individualized instruction and acquisition attacks, implementing appropriate intercessions where necessary. This farther builds upon a old Government study, Quality Standards for Special Educational Needs ( SEN ) support and Outreach services ( 2008 ) . The criterions outlined aimed to steer the development of proviso and support, helping local governments and others in finding appropriate resources and rating procedures. Furthermore, the study highlighted how choice Special Educational Needs proviso can lend straight to the five Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) results. Understanding the societal and educational barriers that kids populating within the interior metropolis can see allows instructors to, as the Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) docket highlighted, support students wider good – being, and take a individualized attack to larning. One important undertaking that aimed to convey about alterations to battle the disadvantage and low attainment nexus was that of The Extra Mile: How schools win in raising aspirations in disadvantaged communities ( 2008 ) . The undertaking aspired to research in item the barriers that kids from deprived communities face, seeking ways to better their opportunities to win at school. The focal point of the undertaking was non entirely on kids from utmost poorness, but more on kids whose households have been hapless for coevalss, frequently populating within communities with high offense degrees and low skilled, ill paying occupations. The impact of this generational poorness can foster construct upon kids Ã¢â‚¬Ë œs barriers to larning and influence accomplishment at school, as parental cynicism about the importance of instruction, can be made more evident: â€Å" Parents may hold had bad experiences of their ain at school, and this rubs off on their kids. Sometimes, the emphasiss of their state of affairs are reflected in the behavior of their kids, who come to school troubled and wary, and non mentally prepared for larning. † ( DCSF 2008 p.3 ) With the purpose of raising aspirations for all kids, the undertaking leaders investigated, through sing first-class schools within disadvantaged countries of England, the features that instructors and school administrations require so to convey about alteration within instruction. Research showed that dynamic leaders bring a committedness, thrust and finding, actuating staff and making a ‘can bash ‘ ethos across the school. Furthermore, the schools visited aimed to guarantee that staff and students have an array of chances to turn and come on, bring forthing quality schoolroom experiences, orienting the course of study to the demands of their students intake. This builds upon the Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) docket, emphasizing the importance of individualized instruction and acquisition, easing all kids, irrespective of their background or start in life. Furthermore, through following a individualized teaching method, instructors can help kids to achieve their possible, constructing formidable foundations for future acquisition. Pedagogy and Personalisation ( 2007 ) highlighted that ; â€Å" Personalised acquisition agencies that kids and immature people, whatever their starting point, are able to carry through their possible as scholars. † ( ibid 2007 p.7 ) For all instructors, it is imperative that they engage their students in larning through a positive and motivative ethos ; nevertheless, within the interior metropolis environment it is apparent how this encouraging attack to learning and larning can significantly contract the attainment spreads between kids. Balls ( 2009 ) expressed that the success of this really much relies upon a cardinal scheme that would advance equality and inclusion within every school. Through developing a universal system, Balls ( 2009 ) aimed for all schools and instructors to put high aspirations for kids ‘s accomplishments, orienting larning experiences to specific demands and guaranting that every kid has person within the school that can back up their development. This specific result builds upon a antecedently implemented scheme intended to advance first-class instruction and acquisition within the interior metropolis. Excellence in Cities ( 2001 ) identified the benefits of single support for k ids, presenting Learning Mentors to better chances for deprived students. Working aboard learning staff and within the school ‘s pastoral support system, larning wise mans help kids to acquire the most out of their school experience, working with parents to enable them to foster back up their kid. Teaching, as a profession, is one of the most demanding occupations ; physically, emotionally and intellectually, nevertheless learning within the interior metropolis environment, can convey about farther challenges for both established and developing instructors. Meeting the demands of interior metropolis kids requires difficult work and dedication, constructing upon established partnerships to convey about alteration. Quality acquisition experiences are imperative ; nevertheless, within the interior metropolis these experiences can alter kids ‘s future chances. Interrupting the low attainment and disadvantage nexus, through understanding barriers to acquisition, requires instructors to guarantee that all kids have the chances to boom and develop, obtaining the Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) , outcomes, and lay the foundations for future acquisition. How to cite Challenges of teaching and learning in inner city, Essay examples

Importance of Mathematics free essay sample

The main reason for studying mathematics to an advanced level is that it is interesting and enjoyable. People like its challenge, its clarity, and the fact that you know when you are right. The solution of a problem has an excitement and a satisfaction. You will find all these aspects in a university degree course. You should also be aware of the wide importance of Mathematics, and the way in which it is advancing at a spectacular rate. Mathematics is about pattern and structure; it is about logical analysis, deduction, calculation within these patterns and structures. When patterns are found, often in widely different areas of science and technology, the mathematics of these patterns can be used to explain and control natural happenings and situations. Mathematics has a pervasive influence on our everyday lives, and contributes to the wealth of the country. The importance of mathematics The everyday use of arithmetic and the display of information by means of graphs, are an everyday commonplace. These are the elementary aspects of mathematics. Advanced mathematics is widely used, but often in an unseen and unadvertised way. The mathematics of error-correcting codes is applied to CD players and to computers. †¢The stunning pictures of far away planets sent by Voyager II could not have had their crispness and quality without such mathematics. †¢Voyagers journey to the planets could not have been calculated without the mathematics of differential equations. †¢Whenever it is said that advances are made with supercomputers, there has to be a mathematical theory which instructs the computer what is to be done, so allowing it to apply its capacity for speed and accuracy. The development of computers was initiated in this country by mathematicians and logicians, who continue to make important contributions to the theory of computer science. †¢The next generation of software requires the latest methods from what is called category theory, a theory of mathematical structures which has given new perspectives on the foundations of mathematics and on logic. †¢The physical sciences (chemistry, physics, oceanography, astronomy) require mathematics for the development of their theories. †¢In ecology, mathematics is used when studying the laws of population change. Statistics provides the theory and methodology for the analysis of wide varieties of data. †¢Statistics is also essential in medicine, for analysing data on the causes of illness and on the utility of new drugs. . †¢Travel by aeroplane would not be possible without the mathematics of airflow and of control systems. †¢Body scanners are the expression of subtle mathematic s, discovered in the 19th century, which makes it possible to construct an image of the inside of an object from information on a number of single X-ray views of it. Thus mathematics is often involved in matters of life and death. These applications have often developed from the study of general ideas for their own sake: numbers, symmetry, area and volume, rate of change, shape, dimension, randomness and many others. Mathematics makes an especial contribution to the study of these ideas, namely the methods of †¢precise definitions; †¢careful and rigorous argument; representation of ideas by many methods, including symbols and formulae, pictures and graphics; †¢means of calculation; and the obtaining of precise solutions to clearly stated problems, or clear statements of the limits of knowledge. These features allow mathematics to provide a solid foundation to many aspects of daily life, and to give a comprehension of the complexities inherent in apparently quite simple situations. For these reasons, mathematics and calculation have been associated from earliest times. In modern times, the need to perform rapid mathematical calculat ions in war time, particularly in ballistics, and in decoding, was a strong stimulus to the development of the electronic computer. The existence of high speed computers has now helped mathematicians to calculate and to make situations visual as never before. Also this calculation has developed from numerical calculation, to symbolic calculation, and currently to calculation with the mathematical structures themselves. This last is very recent, and is likely to lead to a major transformation. These capacities change, not the nature of mathematics, but the power of the mathematican, which increases perhaps a millionfold the possibility to comprehend, to argue, to explore. There is also a reverse interaction. The notion of computing would not have made sense without Mathematics, and it was the analysis of the methods of Mathematics by mathematicians, philosophers, logicians and engineers which led to the concept of a programmable computer . Indeed, two mathematicians, von Neumann in the USA and Turing in the UK, are known as the fathers of the modern computers. Analysis of computing, and attempts to make it as reliable as possible, needs deep Mathematics, and this need is likely to grow. A computer, unless it is programmed, is just a box made of metal, glass, silicon, etc. Programming expresses algorithms in a form suitable for the computer. Mathematics is needed as a language for specification, for determining what is to be done, how and when, and for the verification that the programs and algorithms work correctly. Mathematics is essential for the correct use of computers in most of their applications and the mathematical needs of computing have sparked off many new and exciting questions. Thus computers, while they have, fortunately, done away with the need for humans to carry out routine calculations, have also required from mathematicians a deeper analysis of the process and logic of computation, and its representation in a machine. The imagination of mathematicians is also stirred by its rigorous nature, which forces them to follow through the logic of their ideas. There are many examples of mathematicians producing apparently strange and inapplicable theories, noting simply that this is the way the mathematics seems to go, only to find these vindicated perhaps decades later by surprising applications. A recent example is the theory of knots, which was developed as a part of pure mathematics since 1870. A wonderful advance in 1985 showed how the theory could be applied in physics in relation to quantum theory, and in biology in relation to the way DNA unknots itself before dividing. Similarly, modern notions of chaos and fractals were pioneered by mathematicians in the early years of this century. Now fractals are a practical tool for compressing data on computer discs. The study of mathematics can satisfy a wide range of interests and abilities. It develops the imagination. It trains in clear and logical thought. It is a challenge, with varieties of difficult ideas and unsolved problems, because it deals with the questions arising from complicated structures. Yet it also has a continuing drive to simplification, to finding the right concepts and methods to make difficult things easy, to explaining why a situation must be as it is. In so doing, it develops a range of language and insights, which may then be applied to make a crucial contribution to our understanding and appreciation of the world, and our ability to find and make our way in it. Mathematics as a career Those who qualify in mathematics are in the fortunate position of having a wide range of career choices. The abilities †¢to use logical thought, †¢to formulate a problem in a way which allows for computation and decision, †¢to make deductions from assumption, †¢to use advanced concepts, are all enhanced by a mathematics degree course. It is for this reason that mathematician are increasingly in demand. With a mathematics degree, you should be able to turn your hand to finance, statistics, engineering, computers, teaching or accountancy with a success not possible to other graduates. This flexibility is even more important nowadays, with the considerable uncertainty as to which areas will be the best for employment in future years. [The most recent surveys show graduates in mathematicians and computer science at the top of the earning lists six years after graduation. ] Computer science has a considerable mathematical component, which is becoming more important as the designers of software are required to prove that the software meets its specification. This kind of rigour is one of the basic techniques of mathematics, and can be learned only through a mathematics course. What to look for in a University Degree course The first decision you need to make when choosing a degree course concerns the subject matter. Do you want to make mathematics alone, or do you want to mix it with another subject in a joint honours degree or in some modular structure? There are arguments both ways. The advantage of a single honours course, particularly when your main interest is mathematics, is that it offers the opportunity to study a wide range of topics and methods within your subject. The advantage of a mix is the wider range of skills which you may attain. This, coupled with a broader education, may widen the types of job opportunities available. For example, employers are looking for communication skills, and are often happier if students have done some assessed essay or report writing during their degree. Learning these skills can also be an aspect of a single honours course which involves history of mathematics, problem solving, and other forms of project work. Teaching and assessment One of the things you should look for is the range of tutorial provision and of personal contact. Mathematics is a subject where you learn to do things, and you need feedback on whether your own approaches are the correct ones, in relation to both detail and overall plan. The use of continuous assessment is often an advantage, since in real life you are tested on the quality of the work you can produce, as well as the ability to do that work quickly and under pressure. It is becoming more important for you to show to a prospective employer that you can produce well thought-out work to a high standard, and that you can communicate what you know, both in writing and orally. Mathematics is a wonderful and exciting subject, but how it works, and why it is so successful, are not matters which are easy to understand, even by its practitioners. Perhaps full explanations would require deeper analyses of language, psychology and thought than are at present available. Nonetheless, it is desirable in a degree course for there to be some discussion and analysis of the processes used in mathematics (symbols, abstraction, generalisation, formalisation, proof, problem solving, etc. , to help you grasp the underlying ideas, set the subject in context, and to relate the learning of technique to an understanding of how these techniques fit into a general scheme. You must see how the apparently abstract nature of mathematics is one of the reason for its power, since it enables the exploitation of analogies between apparently diverse situations. A Bangor graduate now employed in industry wrote that a mathematics graduate who can see which of a range of techniques are app licable to a problem in hand is worth his weight in gold. The new M Math degree This year sees many more universities offering a 4 year degree called M. Math, or something of a similar character, following its introduction in 1994. What is this degree? Why has it been introduced? Is it for you? The main reason for its introduction is the continuing progress in Mathematics which is hinted at in the section The importance of mathematics in the previous article Why choose Mathematics. The extraordinary advances that have occured in the subject over the last ten years or so have led a recent book to be called Mathematics, the New Golden Age (Keith Devlin, Penguin). OUTPUT from the system has changed. What about the INPUT, thats you? In schools, Mathematics has changed. G. C. S. E. has introduced young mathematicians to a much more interactive view of their subject. Investigations, when they work well, allow one to see Mathematics being created by oneself. The subject is not proclaimed from on high by some omnipotent being. It is a human activity, it is challenging, often hard work, often fun and very rewarding intellectually. There are, however, still only 24 hours in each day, and 7 days in each week. Something has gone. The average ability of young mathematicians to manipulate algebra has slipped. This has meant that sixth formers have been finding the hill to climb from G. C. S. E. to A-level has become even steeper. It has also meant that Universities have had to slow down the presentation of algebra in degree courses. Algebraic manipulation is important. It feeds into calculus and analysis, into areas of applied Mathematics, probability and statistics, so all material has had to be slowed down to some extent. On the positive side, the experience of investigations at G. C. S. E. as meant that students are often less passive and want to interact with the material at a more personal level than was previously possible. There is yet another influence changing the way Universities present their Mathematics. The future employers of mathematicians demand the same expertise as before in the subject, but they also expect that their future employees will be able to write reports, to communicate, and present the conclusions of their investigations, to formulate questions and interpret the solutions, qualities that were not always there in the past. For this, like all graduates, mathematicians need transferable skills. They need to be able to explain, to talk to experts in other disciplines, to question, and to investigate. All this has put a big strain on the 3 year degree courses. We need to slow down the presentation of material, to increase the depth and breadth of the material with the new advances in Mathematics and its applications, to include the training in transferable mathematical skills. What should be done? The answer put forward by a working group from the main mathematical learned societies was a 4 year degree option. Students would have the choice. If they wanted to become professional mathematicians then they would probably take the 4 year degree. If they did not want to use their mathematical knowledge in their future careers, their choice might be a standard 3 year B. Sc. This would still give them an extremely valuable broadly based, highly numerate degree but the additional technical depth of the MMath type degree would not be demanded. The BSc student would get a training in logical thought, planning, formulation etc. but would not meet the more specialist parts of Mathematics in such quantity or depth. The aspiring professional mathematician would need that extra year in the MMath course in order to come to grips with that extra depth and breadth. The MMath is thus somewhat different in conception from the old MSc, and is only an initial degree. It does ressemble other Masters programmes in other European countries in its basic conception. So, after all that, an MMath is a 4 year first degree for those hoping to become professional mathematicians. Is it for you? I cannot answer that, but probably neither can you at the moment. The decision has not got to be made immediately. You can swop from the standard BSc course to the MMath in nearly all cases provided your grades are good enough, or you can swop the other way. A final decision has to be made before entering the third year, for various administrative reasons relating to grants. If you find Maths at University fun and challenging and after 2 years you think that being, say, a research mathematician, statistician or operational researcher appeals to you, try the 4 year degree. Remember though that the two degrees have a different aim: neither is better than the other. If you opt for the BSc and afterwards find a taste for deeper Mathematics, it seems likely that the conventional MSc route will still be available, even probably thriving, so your decision is not a condemnation to a life without maths!! The new degree schemes are a reaction to the changing face of Mathematics, in which new insights are gained, new concepts emerge from the darkness, new questions are formulated. As you consider if a degree in Maths is for you, remember that while Mathematics is one of the oldest subjects, it is constantly being rejuvenated and it is very much alive as it heads into the 21st century.

Youth Subcultures free essay sample

In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong. Six key ways in which subcultures can be identified: 1. Through their often negative relations to work (as idle, parasitic, at play or at leisure, etc. ); 2. through their negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not class-conscious and dont conform to traditional class definitions); 3. through their association with territory (the street, the hood, the club, etc. , rather than property; 4. through their movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i. e. social groups other than the family); 5. through their stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions); 6. Through their refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and massification. The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music a nd other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Subcultures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Dick Hebdige, members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes fashions, mannerisms, and argot. Subcultures can exist at all levels of organizations, highlighting the fact that there are multiple cultures or value combinations usually evident in any one organization that can complement but also compete with the overall organizational culture. In some cases, subcultures have been legislated against, and their activities regulated or curtailed Sexual subcultures The sexual revolution of the 1960s led to a countercultural rejection of the established sexual and gender norms, particularly in the urban areas of Europe, North and South America, Australia, and white South Africa. A more permissive social environment in these areas led to a proliferation of sexual subcultures—cultural expressions of non-normative sexuality. As with other subcultures, sexual subcultures adopted certain styles of fashion and gestures to distinguish them from the mainstream. Homosexuals expressed themselves through the gay culture, considered the largest sexual subculture of the 20th century. With the ever increasing acceptance of homosexuality in the early 21st century, including its expressions in fashion, music, and design, the gay culture can no longer be considered a subculture in many parts of the world, although some aspects of gay culture like leather men, bears, and feeders are considered subcultures within the gay movement itself. The butch and femme identities or roles among some lesbians also engender their own subculture with stereotypical attire, for instance drag kings. A late 1980s development, the queer movement can be considered a subculture broadly encompassing those that reject normatively in sexual behavior, and who celebrate visibility and activism. The wider movement coincided with growing academic interests in queer studies and queer theory. Aspects of sexual subcultures can vary along other cultural lines. For instance, in the United States, the term down-low is used to refer to African-American men who do not identify themselves with the gay or queer cultures, but who practice gay cruising, and adopt a specific hip-hop attire during this activity A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institutions such as family, work, home and school. Youth subcultures that show a systematic hostility to the dominant culture are sometimes described as countercultures. Youth subcultures are often distinguished by elements such as fashion, beliefs, slang, dialects or behaviours. Vehicles — such as cars, motorcycles, scooters or skateboards — have played central roles in certain youth subcultures. In the United Kingdom in the 1960s, mods were associated with scooters while rockers were associated with motorcycles. Specific music genres are associated with many youth subcultures, such as punks, ravers, metalheads and goths. The study of subcultures often consists of the study of the symbolism attached to clothing, music, other visible affections by members of the subculture, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. Socioeconomic class, gender, intelligence, conformity and ethnicity can be important in relation to youth subcultures. Youth subcultures can be defined as meaning systems, modes of expression or lifestyles developed by groups in subordinate structural positions in response to dominant systems — and which reflect their attempt to solve structural contradictions rising from the wider societal context.

Essay Sample on Law in Australia The Separation of Powers

Essay Sample on Law in Australia The Separation of Powers Argumentative Essay on the Separation of Powers: In most nations, the concept of separation of powers is a dominant factor despite the system of government of a country. This concept insists that the judiciary, the legislature and the executive branches of the government be separated from each other in terms of their day to day functioning. Separation of powers is a doctrine that was institutionalized many centuries ago, and it became strictly functional. In the modern day however, some nations tend to ignore it and this results to disputes. In Australia for instance, this concept has been extremely compromised to the extent that it no longer exists. This ignorance to separation of powers is witnessed between and among the three arms of government and between the commonwealth level and the state level of Australia. This paper will underline examples of cases that prove that indeed; there failure in separation of powers in Australia (Gelber, 2006). The commonwealth and the state level Australia has two levels of government, the federal government, which is the overall government of the land, and the state governments, which are independent and have their own premiers. The state governments thus rule themselves without any interference from the federal government. However, there are instances when the federal government interferes with the activities of the state governments. In the 2008 court ruling of the Betfair Pty Limited Vs Western Australia, the high court ruled that Western Australia had discriminatory rules against businessmen. This shows a violation of separation of powers of the state since its own courts had ruled against the Betfair case, (Kirk, 2011). Moreover, in the 2004 Fardon Vs Attorney general dispute, the Queensland high court ruled that Fardon be continually imprisoned because he was a potential threat to the public. In its judgment, the high court ruled against this decision, and thus overriding the powers of the supreme court of Queensland ( HCA, 2005). The legislature and the Executive The legislative arm of the government is charged with making laws of the land while the executive oversees the implementation of these laws. The Prime Minister is in charge of the executive and is also the chief of the government. Australian lawmakers have had an extraordinarily stern and negative opinion against war and immigration into Australia. Thus, the laws they make and implement is extremely against these two aspects. In the 200 Egan Vs Willis case, disputed against parliamentary affairs at the commonwealth and the state level (Griffith, 1999). In this case, it was disputed that parliament had no obligation to scrutinize the functions of the executive. The decision reached by the high court was a ruling against this. The high court emphasized that as long as the law still applied, the executive must be under strict scrutiny by the parliament. This is to ensure that the rule of law is upheld (Mantziaris, 1999). The legislature and the judiciary The main role of the judiciary is to solve disputes and to ensure that there is no breaking of the law. The main court of the judiciary is the high court. In 1997, the Queensland premier, Bob Borbidge publicly proclaimed that the judiciary was in need of a constitutional surgery. In this, he meant that the decisions of the court were not binding and that the court needed serious changes. This is a show of the intrusion into the powers of the judiciary. In the same year, the high court demanded that it be given the function of making laws, as opposed to the legislature. This saw a strong opposition from the legislature. The prime minister also stated that it is only the legislature that is granted powers to make laws and no one else. This certainly shows that there has been erosion to the concept of the separation of powers (Patapan, 1999). The executive and the judiciary Australia has always maintained an unaccommodating nature on asylum seekers. In 2011 for instance, the Prime Minister Julia Gillard ordered the deposition of asylum seekers to Malaysia, as it was proved to be safe for them (Gemma Alison, 2011). Contrary to this decision, the high court issued orders that the deposition of asylum seekers to Malaysia be stopped, saying that there is no prove that the place is safe for human life. This shows a lack of separation of powers between the judiciary and the executive. The judiciary failed to respect the decision of the prime minister, and this shows a direct violation of the separation of powers (Joe, 2011). In the 2005 Combet Vs Commonwealth case, it was proclaimed that the federal government was using excess public funds to advertise the new work choices law. The court ruled in favor of the government, stating that all government expenditures were lawful unless they were unaccounted for (Williams, 2005).

The relationship between job satisfaction and employee motivation Literature review

The relationship between job satisfaction and employee motivation within an organisation - Literature review Example Motivation â€Å"Motivation is the force within the individual that influences or determines behaviour† (Marquis and Huston, 2008: p422). This means that motivation is about the things that are within an individual that causes him to to do something or forces him to do thing. â€Å"Motivation determines the reinforcement value of the outcome† (Kalat, 2010 p62). This means that motivation is what makes a person to get more value to a given activity. Motivation is what adds value and makes a given project or activity more important to a person. It makes you want to do something at a given point in time ahead of another. The motivation process involves what incites, creates an interest and sustains that interest in a given action (Armstrong, 2009 p249). The element of motivation is about how people get interest in a given activity and causes the individual to remain focused on how to attain the end. Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation is based on interest (Haines et al, 2008: 443). This is about the willingness of people to accept a given activity ahead of another based on what they feel within themselves. This makes intrinsic motivation a psychological matter rather than a tangible matter that can be felt and quantified in the conventional sense. â€Å"Intrinsic motivation comes from within a person† (Kossowski, 2007). This means that intrinsic motivation is about the things that influences a person from inside. In the human resource management parlance, this involves the things that causes an individual to add more to organisational objectives based on his or her personal choice and inspirations. It is however incited by things around a person and can be varied on the basis of the things that goes on around a given person (Kossowski, 2007). The concept of intrinsic motivation is controlled by the fact that people behave to attain satisfaction as an inherent end in itself and not a means to an end (Wlodkowski, 2011). This means that int rinsic motivation causes a person to gain satisfaction from a given action rather than what s/he will get from the activity in question. Intrinsic motivation in the workplace is what causes a person to attain his job specification. And as a person attain the job specifications, s/he gets important satisfaction in itself. Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation on the other hand revolves around the external benefits and inspiration that a person might get from a given activity (Marquis and Huston, 2009). Extrinsic motivation is induced by the things that happens from the outside and has very little to do with the internal factors that causes a person to tilt towards a given act ahead of another. Extrinsic motivation comes from external factors and this includes rewards , money and grades that a person would attain for accomplishing a given task (Jelencic, 2009). This means that extrinsic motivation has to do with what a person would be given for a given activity. Thus the individua l complete the activity because of the prize. Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction has several facades and angles through which it could be examined and analysed. Locke defined job satisfaction as â€Å"a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experience† (1976: p271). Job satisfaction can be see as the joy and pleasure

Differentiation of Developed, Least Developed and Developing Countries Dissertation

Differentiation of Developed, Least Developed and Developing Countries under WTO Trade Regime - Dissertation Example By the end of the Second World War, the global community realized that international trade practices were required function within a multilateral framework. After the Great Depression of the late 1920, and the early 1930s, the major trading countries had imposed a set of trade protection measures which had impeded the smooth flow of international trade. This time, the countries did not want to commit the same mistake. They realized the requirement of a multilateral standard in the arena of international trade. The nations also realized that promoting international trade was one of the methods to rectify the destruction caused by the Second World War. Global trade could play a significant role in stimulating economic development in countries across the world. These requirements urged the global community to establish the WTO which was solely dedicated to formulate laws, supervise practices and settle disputes in matters relating to international trade. Presently, 150 countries from around the world are members of the WTO. The reason behind the popularity of the organization among countries could be that the WTO is the only multilateral institution which directs its efforts towards creating a completely interdependent global economy. The basic objective of the WTO is to implement the increased liberalization of international trading practices, because the organization believes that countries can promote their own economic development by engaging in the worldwide trading of

Examining Bonnie And Clyde Film Studies Essay

Examining Bonnie And Clyde Film Studies Essay When someone speaks about a female criminal; without a doubt Bonnie Parkers name will be mention. She is one of the most famous women in the history of crime. Bonnie and her partner Clyde was the most dangerous pair during the Great Depression Era. The two of them went on a two year robbing and killing spree that ultimately ended in their deaths. The way the two constantly eluded the police and Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born on October 1, 1910 to Charles and Emma Parker. Her father was a brick layer who died when she was only five and her mother was a house wife. She was the second child of three. Bonnie was a very bright and well educated girl. She was an excellent speller and was exceptionally good at writing poetry. This was a passion that she had and poetry helped her to express he feelings. Later in life she would write some poems while on her crime spree and they will become famous. When she was 16 she married a man name Roy Thornton. He eventually was arrested for his part in a robbery and was sentenced to prison. She left him but never divorced him because she felt it wouldnt be right to do so while he was in jail. Although she was a waiter she eventually took a job as housekeeper and that is where she met Clyde Barrow. A couple of weeks after they met, Clyde was sentenced to prison of two years for past crimes that he had committed. Clyde then came up with a plan for Bonnie to help him escape. When she came to visit him she smuggled a pistol into jail and Clyde used it on the guard and he escaped. Soon after his escape; he was arrested again and was then sentenced to fourteen years in prison. On February 2, 1932, Clyde was released from prison. He soon met up with Bonnie in a stolen car and this is when their crime spree began. (about.com) Bonnie went with Clyde on his first robbery since his released from prison. The plan was for Clyde and his gang (Buck (Clydes bother), W.D. Jones, Frank Clause, Henry Methvin, Everett Milligan, and Ray Hamilton) to rob a hardware store. Bonnie was in the car while the robbery was going on. She was arrested by the police while sitting in the car. She was soon released because of lack of evidence. Soon after her release, Bonnie and Clyde continued their crime spree. Although Bonnie and Clyde were on the run they often made stops in Texas to see their mothers. Bonnie was very close to her mother and she made it mandatory to see her mother every 2-3 months. In March 1933 Bonnie and Clyde made another stop in Joplin, Missouri. Clydes brother Buck was released from prison, so the two decided to rent an apartment to spend time with Buck and his wife Blanche. In April they spotted two policemen and that is when a shootout began between the two groups. Bonnie, Clyde, Buck and Blanche all escaped. In the apartment they left pictures that showed Bonnie and Clyde posing with stolen cars, money, and guns. Bonnie also left one of her poems in the apartment also. These items that were left in the apartment made the couple very famous. In November 1933 W.D. Jones was captured and told the police about how Bonnie and Clyde visits their family. The police then set up an ambush that put Bonnie and Clydes family in danger. This angered Clyde and he decided to take revenge on the Eastman Prison. Bonnie and Clyde helped to free Raymond and Henry. Raymond and Clyde got into an argument and Raymond left but Henry stayed. Little did Bonnie and Clyde know; Henry and his family would help cause the death of them. Henry and his father Ivan were the two who help to set Bonnie and Clyde up. They did this for an exchange for Henry to be pardoned. Henry knew that Bonnie and Clyde didnt have anywhere to stay so he insisted that they stay at his fathers cabin. Ivan told the police the route where Bonnie and Clyde would be traveling. The police then set up an ambush and also made it look as if Ivan had a flat tire. As Bonnie and Clyde came down they seen Ivans car and slowed down. That is when the police men came out and demand for them to stop. Bonnie and Clyde attempted to getaway but the police men fired approximately 167 rounds. Bonnie and Clyde died instantly because of the gunshots. They were buried separately at their families burial sites/ They knew Bonnie and Ckyde would stop to help and that is when they would capture them. As Bonnie and Clyde approached the car they In April of 1934 Clyde and Henry Melthvin killed two policemen. It was this incident that would help to lead the police to them. Ivan Melthvin( Henrys father) was took into custody after authorities found out that he often hid the gang. He them Bonnie and Clyde had many co conspirators. Some of their Coconspirators were by the of Buck (Clydes bother), W.D. Jones, Frank Clause, Henry Methvin, Everett Milligan, and Ray Hamilton. Bonnie went with Clyde on his first robbery when he was released from prison. The plan was for Clyde and his gang to They often helped Bonnie and Clyde with their robberies and the murders. They would mainly rob grocery stores and gas stations. The money they stole from these places was the money they lived on. They would sometime banks but would not make off with too much money. They enjoyed stealing cars; mainly for the thrill of riding in a different car.

Ama, Learning Essay

In this essay, the learning cure theory will be discussed, and also applying to L+H fashion limited (L+H) which will benefit by using the learning curve. In the last section, the limitation of learning curve will also be discussed. Part A (i) Introduction for learning curve theory Learning curve is a concept that measuring the experience of a skill gained by an organization, and how fast it can be master. As the experience gained, the workers performance will be improve, time taken will be decrease, and therefore the productivity will grow up. Also, according to Steven (2010), learning curve is a significant technique for management to predict the time needed for the future task (p. 1). It can also be useful for the several areas, for instance, making a pricing or budgeting decision, estimate the wages cost and planning schedule of work. In addition, learning curve is based on the task doing by human and must be in repetition. And Steven (2010) point out that the learning curve doesn’t help to reduce cost, it only occurs when the management take action. Introduction for the organization. In the following section, the learning curve theory will be apply to L+H Fashion Limited (L+H), they are manufacturing of knitwear which is 100% hand made and also made in Hong Kong, from design, product development, knitting, linking, stitching, labeling to packaging. (ii) Introduction First of all, the learning curve can be applied in L+H since there are many procedures is doing by human and those procedures will unchanged because of L+H is only produce the knitwear, also those procedure are in repetition. Such as stitching, the workers have to stitch up those parts of the knitwear by hand. In this situation, the learning curve can be apply, because if the worker stitching the first knitwear, it will spend more time to find out the way. Move to the second one, the worker will more confidence and faster to stitch it, in repetition the task, the worker can be more efficiency. Furthermore, since they would like to be a high fashion brand in Hong Kong, and providing high quality knitwear to the other high fashion brand, so they are now considering should they accept the new contract, build up their own brand or both. The learning curve can be use to helping them to consider the budgeting, pricing, detecting the design bugs, future operation decisions and determine the human resourse. Budgeting In this case, if the learning affects taken into L+H, it is easily for them to evaluate the rate of learning and the time reduction. It can provide a reliable standard to measuring the actual performance of the product line. Therefore, the management can obtain the most near information, giving them a forecast of revenues and expenditures. Thus, they can evaluate their performance, and control the waste from error, setting the budgeted goal. Beside the goals set by the learning effect is more motivation for the workers. Such as production budgeting, they can estimate the production unit to meet the budgeted goal. Since they would like to provide the knitwear to the new contract, they can forecast the cost, human resources and material need for the new contract. They should use learning curve, because the simple analysis will ignored the learning effect, so that the performance may underestimate. It can also help to set a standard for guiding the workers, use to  make sure the quality of knitwear, control the cost and to establish the bonus plan. So that the management can confirm the knitwear having a high quality to fulfill their goal that being a high fashion brand. They can also estimate the product cost, since the cost is foremost element for pricing decision To conclude, it can help L + H for budgeting, since it can give them a accuracy forecasting, to let them set up a budgeted goal to motivate the workers, to measure their performance more exact, and the management can use to set out a guide to standard the task. Pricing It can help in pricing strategic. Since the learning curve can be determine the cost, manpower for the task and predict time of the whole project. For instance, the procedures of knitwear are made by the workers, so that the labor costs become significant factor. They can foresee how much for the labor cost before they accept the contract. Also the material cost. In addition, when the production increase and the cost will be drop down, they can sell the knitwear at a lower price, and attracting the new customers choosing L+H and to gain the market share at the high fashion cycle. So that they can produce more knitwear and the cost will be further decrease. To summaries of the pricing, it is helpful for them to making price decision, use to having a lower price which is attracting the new customers. Decision making – future operational Thirdly, it can help management to making decision for future operation by using the data provide by learning effect. L+H can consider should they provide the knitwear to the other brand or build up their own brand. Because the resources are limited, they can find out the most profitable future operation decision. In additional, they can also consider should they provide training course to the worker, to make the procedure become more efficient. Furthermore, they can plan to make advertising or giving discount to the customer, because they become more efficient and the cost will be deduced, so that they can have more budgets. And this action can make them become more famous and attract the new customers. In concluding of this part, it is useful for them to find out the business orientation which is most benefit for them, and the future action should be making. Detected the designed bugs  Moreover, they can find out the designed bugs and correct it immediate. Since the L + H will do the task repetition, so that there are more product produce with the same equipment. The designer can seek out the insufficient of the design of knitwear. It is help to devolve their product and make it more perfect. Moreover, it can help to reduce the waste of error and also to reduce the labor hours since they can find out which part is wasting resources and to redesign the knitwear. Thus, they can know how to use the lower cost to make the better knitwear. To sum up, since the designed bugs can be detected, they can prevent the waste of material, time and the labor hours. Also it can used to improve their product. Determining human resourses For determining the human resourses, as L+H become more efficient, the management can reassign the manpower, eliminate the unnecessary task or recruit additional worker. So that they can ensure the contract can be finish on time and the quality won’t be affect even they have to produce more knitwear. At the same time, the human resourses can be use in the best way. It can also help to plan the schedule of work to hit the production target, and forecast of the date of delivery. A round up of this part, the human resourse can be reallocate, and it is useful for cost saving. Part B Limitations Firstly, there is an assumption of learning curve that the production must be continues less of significant impediment. In case of the impediment occur the learning curve will be change. For example, when the entity employed a new worker to participate the activity, because of the learning curve performed by the experienced staff, the new worker will not be subject to learning curve. Secondly, any change of the learning environment such as design, the supply level and quality of materials, employee’s morale and people attribution, will affect the learning curve. For instance, the upgrade of facilities may affect the knowledge of the worker, their productivity may drop down, so the learning curve may obsolete. Also, since learning curve is based on the time of producing, nevertheless it is hardly to ensure the real data obtain for the calculation, so that the management expectation may be wrong. The company culture may also influence the learning curve, such as the bonus for workers, working hours per day. For example, the worker zeal of the task will decrease when the job nearly end, it will make the curve drop down. In additional, difference people having difference absorptive capacity, so that the time of finishing task will be difference. Lack of consistence is fail to meeting target which is decision by learning curve theory. Last but not least, the learning curve need the task is in repetition, if the task is not repetitive the learning curve cannot be applied. To conclude of the whole essay, the learning curve is a tool for management making decision and to become more efficiency to reach the goal. Also, the learning curve can be use in many ways. In part A (ii), discussed in the application of learning curve in L+H, they can use it for budgeting – helping them to set out the company goal and guidance, pricing – to having a lower price to increase their price competitiveness, decision making – to decide the most profitable general direction, detect the design error – to make the design become more perfect and determine the human resourse – to use the manpower most efficient. So that they can seek out the best way to continues their business. In the next part, the limitations of learning curve are discussed. There are six limitations have been probe, the learning curve is lack of continuity, there shouldn’t have any change of learning environment, the difficulty of obtaining the information, the company culture, human learning ability and the repetition of task. Reference List 1. Steven, Grahame, (1999) ‘The learning curve: from aircraft to spacecraft? ’ Management Accounting, May 1999 2. http://secure. gslb. cimaglobal. com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/ma_may_99_p64-65. pdf [assessed 01. 11. 2012] 3. Steven, Grahame, (2010) ‘The learning curve: The key to future management? ’ Research executive summary series, 6(12) 4. Steven, Grahame, (2004b) ‘Steep in history’ CIMA Insider, Jul/Aug. , pp. 23-24 5. Steven, Grahame, (2004a) ‘A minor departure’ CIMA Insider, Sep. , pp. 24 6. L+H Fashion Limited http://www. lplush. com/LplusH. html [assessed 01. 11. 2012].

Hispanic Identity

Hispanic Identity Tammy Simpson University of Phoenix Hispanic Identity Names are very important and when discussing the differences between racial or cultural, it is very important to remain culturally sensitive. Explaining the differences between Hispanics, Latino, Chicano, and Mexican American may give you a better understand of why some people choice what they want to be called. Because people should be able to choose how he or she is called and names disempowered can have serious repercussions. Hispanic or Latino Americans are categorized as a group of people made up of distinct characteristics.Every group should be allowed to choose their own name as well. When individuals or groups are called names that we do not wish to be called they can become upset or even annoyed. Some want to be called Hispanic and others Latinos, so how do you vary or distinguish. Well Chicano is just too narrow, encompassing only members of the Mexican-American community or anyone else of Mexican herit age. The word â€Å"Chicano† was once considered derogatory when it first emerged, but later generations of Mexican-Americans have since considered it acceptable and embraced the term, at least unofficially.The Term Chicano was thought to have originated as slang that described immigrants from the Mexican revolution, but later evolved to define the uprising of Mexican American reformers. The Chicano Movement changed Mexican Americans’ lives in the United States’ economy. It was a movement that secured these people in the economy with civil rights and economic opportunity. They used tactics such as civil disobedience as an influential way to make it known that â€Å"change† was inevitable.Marches, hunger strikes, and litigation were methods that they used. Mexican Americans consist of the largest Hispanic group within the United States. Their history has covered over 400 years within America, varying in different regions. In such states as California, Texa s, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada, great portions of Mexican Americans subsist there. (â€Å"Mexican Americans,† 1997-2007) The word â€Å"Hispanic† is more worldwide then â€Å"Chicano†. Historically, areas that were conquered by the Spaniards were considered part of an area called Hispania.Countries that traced their history to Spain are considered to be Hispanic and include Mexico, Central America, and most of South America where Spanish is the prime language. Latino is extremely close in meaning to Hispanic, but is also includes other countries such as Brazil. Latino was popularized during the social movements of the 1960’s. While â€Å"Latino† may be politically and socially correct, it is still better to be ethnically aware of a person’s heritage then referring him or her to the broader term Latino.Descendants of pre Columbian populations from Latin America and most of those from parts of the United States who were part of the Spanish Colonial Empire are considered Latinos/as. However Native Americans, United States citizens who are of pre –Columbian derivation, but whose ancestors lived in areas outside what constitutes United States territory today are not considered Latinos/as. The children born in Latin American from Spaniards are considered Latinos/as, but Spaniards themselves are not (Latinos or Hispanics?A Debate About Indentity, 2003) Hispanic population today has expanded immensely over the years. The growth rate of the Hispanic community has grown faster than any other racial and ethnic group in the nation. The Hispanic community and culture has populated around the United States, and introducing new traditions and customs. Hispanics or Latinos are defined as people of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Spanish speaking cultures and if you travel to different cities in the States we will see a wide spread of Hispanic communities.For instance in New York the Puerto Rican culture is dominated , and in Miami the Cuban culture is populating the area (Cattan, 1993). Hispanic groups are known in the social economic, politics, labor force, and religion. Spanish culture has an effect on a variety of areas such as music, food and language. Learning about others culture is always good, especially when visiting other countries. Our differences are what make us fascinating and such a diverse country. Hispanics in the United States have significantly contributed to much of our society’s culture and way of life for centuries.Ranging from politics, public service, military, business, science, organized sports to even the entertainment industry, you can find their imprint everywhere if you take a closer look. It is quite a wonder as to the many historians whom have not acknowledged Hispanics’ impact on history, as they are just as woven into America’s history as any other race or nationality. Many of our folklore and achievements are given credit to them. The Unit ed States is a major representative of all immigrants of the world into the symbolic â€Å"melting pot† that we are known for today. â€Å"Contributions of,† n. d. ) The Hispanic group adds to that diversity. A survey of the community conducted last year by the Per Hispanic Center of Washington found that nearly all people from Spanish speaking backgrounds identify themselves primarily by their place of national origin (Latinos or Hispanics? A Debate About Indentity, 2003). When the Mexican Americans came to America in search of the American dream they never thought the lack of education would stop them from advancing to a higher paying job. But in the labor field Mexicans are getting fair pay.There are both positive and negative views on parts of the economy pertaining to the Hispanic culture. The more we spend has a positive effect on the economy and the employer benefits from the cut cost on labor by employing Hispanics for lower pay. There is a downside to employin g workers for lower pay is the impact on government debt. Because workers are using government programs and schools but not paying taxes it depletes government spending. Marketing and consumer behavior is becoming increasing important in the Hispanic-American culture in the United States.Cuban Americans do not have rights in and liberty and flee to the United States not as immigrants but political refugees seeking freedom. Cuban Americans had the highest rate of business ownership among Hispanic groups, with approximately one ethnic-owned enterprise for every 16 Cuban Americans (MSN, Ecarta). Cubans are generally Roman Catholics; however, it has been greatly modified to â€Å"syncretism† by large amounts of support since Catholicism’s early introduction into Cuban’s history. (â€Å"Religion in,† n. d. Mexican Americans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans and El Salvadorians are just to name a few who are a part of the Hispanic group. But each and every one of these gr oups shares a part of their Hispanic culture with one another, but they also vary in distinguished ways. Although they share the Spanish language the dialect can be different and the words pronounced the same many have different meanings, which gives them the distinctiveness within their group. Hispanic Americans, on the basis of language have a rich cultural identity (Noble, J and LaCasa, J).Being able to speak the Spanish language gives you a competitive edge in the job market. Being bilingual is imperative to the Unites States economy. The Hispanic culture is becoming more involved in the politics. I believe many Hispanics follow the Republican Party more so than Democratic. Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans prefer liberal nominees in national and state elections. Hispanic Americans cultural variety is imitated in the different groups as well as in the foundations of the individual cultures.Hispanic culture has been known to be swayed to different degrees by many customs, but t he Cuban Americans stay within the culture tradition and stern values. Hispanic families raise their children to realize the importance of values, ethics, and respect for their elders and authority. The church plays a significant role in the quality of life and the greater part of the Hispanic community is Roman Catholic. I feel that is one of the Hispanic’s group strong point is the balance of spiritually and how it important to the family way of life. Hispanics are becoming a large part of the economy in the America and its community.The Hispanic culture is as unique and special as any other, and should be treated with the correct hospitality as anyone else. From pop music to food to political campaigns and corporate marketing the Hispanic community has made very strong present in the United States. I think as the years goes by we see that the Spanish community will become the majority, instead of the minority. I’m really drawn to the Hispanic ethic group. I admire t heir traditions and how they are very family oriented. The overall Spanish culture has brought a lot of traditions and culture to add the American diversity.Although current terms such as â€Å"Latino† and â€Å"Hispanic† function both as forms of self identification and also to mark Latin American populations in the United States as recognizable civic bodies, these terms, in their current popular manifestations, not only â€Å"refer to different dimensions of collective social experience,†(Flores, 2000,p. 194) Hispanic is pragmatic, because no matter what one says Hispanics first and foremost applies to Spaniards and this can be used to refer to Latin Americans and Latinos/as only secondarily or derivatively.Not only does Hispanic imply derivatively Spanish, but in many places it is associated with negative qualities: for example laziness, lax morals, lower class, deficient education, and so on. (Garcia, 2000)References www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-difference -between-latino-chicano-and-hispanic. htm http://webhost. bridgew. edu/lasociedadlatina/articles/latinos%20or%20hispanics. pdf http://www. encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761587500/mexican_americans. html http://www. opensecrets. org/pubs/cubareport/roots. asp

Impact of E-Commerce in India - 5599 Words

ENABLING E-COMMERCE IN INDIA Amarjit Singh Department of Computer Science, HP University Shimla, India aj_singh_6@yahoo.co.uk M.P.Thapliyal Department of Computer Science,HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar(Garhwal), Uttaranchal, India mathuraprasad1@rediffmail.com M.M.S.Rauthan Department of Computer Science,HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar(Garhwal), Uttaranchal, India mms_rauthan@yahoo.com D.K.Joshi Department of Computer Science, Amravati university, Amravati (Maharashtra), India Dine_joshi@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT Because of e-commerce, the world stands at the threshold of a new revolution. Currently, regulatory structures in many countries limit market access by infrastructure providers. But with the transformations coming around†¦show more content†¦This would help increase the growth and for this a strong and a stable legal system is required. It is a fact that in liberal and open markets, e-commerce would dominate The other important essential features of electronic commerce are privacy and security. There should be suitable guidelines to establish them to ensure confidence among the players who transact through e-commerce. Today all countries are working to achieve structural reforms in society under the key paradigms of liberalization and globalization. The nation’s competitive power will determine the trade and the nation’s strength in science and technology will play an important role to dominate the trade. All organizations are making the best use of digitalizat ion and use of the Internet to achieve the desired goal. Computers and the Internet are now increasingly widely used to function as part of the business. Transactions conducted through the Internet will have enormous implications on the international competitiveness of every nation, giving rise to new and exciting opportunities in both the domestic and international arena to industries and also the governments to be a part of the global economic system. Electronic commerce is burgeoning as a means to doing business at a very rapid rate and is also showing every sign of continuing to expand. 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